Introduction
(Thieu ）ティエウ種, Diamond (生ライチ), Ruby (ルビー) and Pearl (パール) are all originating from Vietnam – acountry shaped “S”. In English term, S means sexy.
AlthoughVietnam Thieu Litchi (Diamond litchi) cared under OTAS standands (origintracing and authenticity system/standards) look hard and sexy, it can be easilypeeled off by hand and the flesh is milky white with a sweet taste andaroma. Thieu litchi is also considereedto have existed in Vietnam for a long time. A Vietnamese legend also recounts that one of Vietnamese farmers in theperiod of Lac Long Quan King Dynasty once offered lychee fruits, which wereregarded as precious fruit of Viet Nam, Lac Long Quan – was the ones who laidthe foundation for the land of Vietnam in the ancient eras. It was said that after eating Diamond litchi(also named at that time as “King Diamond Litchi”), the King felt excited andthe Queen (Au Co) was then reported to have got pregnant and produced 100children for the King. Since then, Thieu Litchi was welknown aroundthe world.
At the foot of BaviMountain, wild lychee trees were found by a French scientist in 1942. In 1970Professor Vu Cong Hau (late director of the Industrial and Fruit CropInstitute) and his colleagues discovered lots of wild lychee trees in Tamdao(Vinhphuc province) and Tuyenhoa (Quangbinh province) forests.
ライチの原産地は中国南部とベトナムであることは旧来より長期的に考えられています。1942年にフランスの科学者によってBavi山の麓で野生のライチーの木が発見されました。1970年にVu Cong Hau教授（産業および果物作物研究所の後期ディレクター）と彼の同僚がTamdao（Vinhphuc州）およびTuyenhoa（クアンビン省）の森林で多くの野生のライチーの木を発見しました 。
A Vietnamese legend also recounts that one of Vietnamese Kings ofthe Mai Dynasty once offered lychee fruits, which were regarded as preciousfruit of Viet Nam, to the Emperor of China. This evidence partly shows thatlychee can be considered as a native of Viet Nam lychee and that the climate ofnorthern Viet Nam, where winter is short, dry and a little bit cold and summeris long and hot with high rainfall and humidity, is quite suitable for thegrowth of lychee.
ベトナムの伝説では、ベトナムマイ王朝の王の一人がかつて中国の皇帝にベトナムの貴重な果物としてライチーの果物を提供したことも述べています。 この伝説からライチーはベトナムのライチーが原産地であると見なすことができる。ベトナム北部の気候は、冬は短く、乾燥しており、少しだけ冷寒い、夏は長くて暑い、その上降雨量と湿度が高いことはライチーの成長に最適であることを示しています。
2. PRESENT SITUATION OFLYCHEE CULTIVATION IN VIET NAM
ベトナムのライチー栽培の現状
Area and production （面積と生産）
Lychee can be considered to have originated from Hai Duong province (Thanh Ha district) where the most important variety hasbeen commercially developed and over time it has spread to other locations inthe northern Viet Nam and even to some places in the central part. At presentlychee is commercially cultivated in Luc Ngan (BacGiang), LucNam and Yen The districts of Bac Giang province (about 100 km North of Hanoi); Thanh Ha, Chi Linh and Tu Kydistricts of Haiduong province (approximately 60 km east of Hanoi); Dongtrieu,Yenhung and Hoanhbo districts of Quangninh province (nearly 200 km east ofHanoi); and Quocoai, Chuongmy and Unghoa districts of Hatay province (About 40km northwest of Ha noi). However, there are some special lychee grownin Hung Yen where they are not yet ready commercial for distribution.
ベトナムライチーの由来はとハイズオン省（タインハ地区）から発信された考とえられています。そして商業的最も重要な品種が開発されやがてベトナム北部、さらには中央部のいくつかの場所にまで生産地が広がりました。そして現在では、ライチーは商業的にリュックガン（バックザン）、リュックナム、イェンでも栽培されています。バックザン省の地区（ハノイの北約100km）。ハイドゥン省のタンハ、チーリン、トゥキー地区（ハノイの東約60 km）。クアンニン省のドントリウ、イェンフン、ホアンボ地区（ハノイの東約200 km）。 ハタイ県のクオコアイ、チュンミー、ウンゴア地区（ハノイの北西約40 km）。そしてHungYenで栽培されている特別なライチーがあり、これはまだ外部流通経路が整っていません。
Categorised by characteristics (特性別分類)
For Japan Market, we will categorise lychees into three (3) Areas(zone), we also have other areas such as Quang Ninh, etc.
当社は日本向け市場では、ライチーを3つの生産エリア（ゾーン）に分類します。この3つのエリアの他、クアンニンなど他の生産エリアもあります。
1. Hung Yen: Extraclass size (about 18 lychees per kg)
2. HaiDuong: Extraclass size (about 18 – 20 lychees per kg)
3. BacGiang: GradeA size (about 30-32 lychees per kg)
Variety Name | Cultivars | Location | Fruit weight(g) | Colour of peel | Fruit shape | Characters of pulp |
Thieu | Thieu Thanh Ha | Thanh Ha, Hai Duong | 20.70 | Bright red | Sphere (round) | Sweet, good taste and flavour, firm |
Thieu | Lai Hung Yen | Hung Yen | 30.10 | Yellowish Red | heart shaped with flat bottom | Sweet and good flavour |
Thieu | Thieu Luc Ngan | Bac Giang | 19.40 | Red yellowish | Round | Sweet |
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Varieties of lycheegrown in Viet Nam (ベトナムで栽培されているライチの品種)
Up to now, the varietiesof lychee grown in Viet Nam have been agreed by Japan and Vietnam andclassified and named as “Thieu”.
これまで、ベトナムで栽培されているライチーは日本とベトナムで合意され、 ティエウ種と分類され命名されてきました。
Because of this,existing names for of different lychee are mainly named by local people andbased significantly on appearance and morphology of the ripe fruits includingthe colour. It is obvious that the exact number of lychee varieties is muchless than those named and recognized since the same varieties can be named differentlyfrom location to location.
これまでのライチーの既存の名前は主に地元の人々によって命名され、それは色と共に熟した果実の外観と形態に大きく基づいています。 ライチー品種の正確な数は、同じ品種が場所ごとに異なる名前を付けることができるため、名前が付けられ認識されているものよりもはるかに少ないことは明らかです。
Characteristics of fruits of promising lycheecultivars.
推薦するライチー品種の果実の特徴
Cultivars | Brix (%) | TSS (%) | VtC (mg%) | Total acidity (%) | Dry matter |
Thieu Bac Giang | 15.80 | 12.00 | 31.50 | 0.36 | 14.40 |
Thieu Hung Yen | 17.50 | 13.75 | 17.09 | 0.57 | 14.50 |
Thieu Thanh Ha | 20.50 | 16.24 | 24.00 | 0.28 | 18.20 |
Brix:糖度 TSS：溶性固形物含量 、VTC：ビタミンC Totalacidity：総酸度
New: Preparedby Minh OTAS (
Updatedinformation
Variety name | Location | Trade name | Code | Brix (%) | TSS (%) | VtC (mg%) | Vitamin C(%) | Total acidity (%) | Dry matter | Water % |
Thanh Ha | Hai Duong | Thieu | TH1-60 | 19.93 | 16.49 | 15.08 | 23.59 | 0.23 | 18.32 | 81.17 |
Tu Ky | Hai Duong | Thieu | TK61-69 | 18.74 | 15.61 | 13.18 | 22.95 | 0.26 | 18.57 | 81.43 |
Nam Sach | Hai Duong | Thieu | NS70-78 | 20.24 | 16.05 | 13.61 | 24.09 | 0.26 | 18.44 | 81.56 |
Kim Thanh | Hai Duong | Thieu | KT89-97 | 19.96 | 15.47 | 13.07 | 23.52 | 0.27 | 17.51 | 82.49 |
Luc Ngan | Bac Giang | Thieu | LN79-87 | 18.81 | 15.1 | 12.43 | 23.45 | 0.31 | 17.36 | 82.64 |
Tau Lai | Bac Giang | Thieu | TL98-100 | 19.29 | 14.02 | 12.31 | 24.64 | 0.39 | 17.56 | 82.44 |
U Hong | Hung Yen | Thieu | UH101-103 | 18.21 | 13.12 | 10.37 | 23.33 | 0.33 | 17.23 | 82.77 |